Leitch, Samuel G.Samuel G.LeitchAhmed, Qasim ZeeshanQasim ZeeshanAhmedFontaine, JaronJaronFontaineVan Herbruggen, BenBenVan HerbruggenShahid, AdnanAdnanShahidDe Poorter, EliEliDe PoorterLazaridis, PavlosPavlosLazaridis2026-04-132026-04-132025979-8-3503-9181-72475-6490https://imec-publications.be/handle/20.500.12860/59068Indoor localization using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology can be accomplished by a variety of methods. One appreciable benefits is the single-anchor solution, which allows for low-cost deployments. In this paper, five different methods of single-anchor localization have been investigated, including different methods of determining the angle of arrival and distance estimation. The best performing single-anchor localization method was found to be a dedicated machine learning algorithm whose output is the location of the target device. Once a Kalman filter was applied to it, it achieved a mean distance error of 0.34 m on the test scenario.engProceedings paper10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit63408.2025.11037133WOS:001550976800038INDOORSYSTEMPHASE