Yari, SaeedSaeedYariBuntinx, JonathanJonathanBuntinxSchepers, MartijnMartijnSchepersConde Reis, AlbinAlbinConde ReisVranken, ThomasThomasVrankenPang, QuanquanQuanquanPangHardy, AnAnHardySafari, MomoMomoSafari2026-02-022026-02-0220250013-4651https://imec-publications.be/handle/20.500.12860/58764Most existing operando methods lack the spatial resolution or measurement access required for cross-sectional analysis of battery electrodes. Here, we present a custom-designed operando electrochemical cell, enabling real-time, through-thickness investigations. Applied to a lithium–sulfur battery, this setup reveals gradual and spatially non-uniform sulfur utilization, dissolution, and reprecipitation. Depth-resolved measurements indicate highly nonuniform sulfur utilization, with earlier sulfur depletion near the current collector. Accessing the electrode cross-section provides critical insights into reaction heterogeneity and dynamics that are inaccessible via conventional measurements. This offers a deeper understanding of battery behavior and facilitates the design of cells with improved performance and durability.engJournal article10.1149/1945-7111/ae1bdeWOS:001613397900001ELECTRODES