Ngo, Tien DatTien DatNgoWu, XiangyuXiangyuWuBanerjee, KaustuvKaustuvBanerjeeRichard, OlivierOlivierRichardDe la Rosa, Cesar Javier LockhartCesar Javier LockhartDe la RosaKar, Gouri SankarGouri SankarKarGovoreanu, BogdanBogdanGovoreanuLockhart de la Rosa, Cesar JavierCesar JavierLockhart de la Rosa2026-05-062026-05-0620250741-31061558-0563https://imec-publications.be/handle/20.500.12860/59350Surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) has emerged as a promising technique for doping 2D semiconductors, although it faces challenges in doping controllability, which impacts device performance. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to precisely control the p-type doping strength in solid-state SCTD for 2D WSe2 field-effect transistors (FET) through metal co-seeding. By sequentially depositing molybdenum (Mo) and hafnium (Hf) metal seeds followed by O2 annealing, we achieve improved doping control, while maintaining a high on/off current ratio. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images confirm the proposed co-seeding concept. This technique addresses doping controllability limitations in SCTD, enhances gate tunability, and it is viable for very-large-scale integration (VLSI) applications.engJournal article10.1109/led.2025.3615652WOS:001632650100010MONOLAYER