Characterization of 4x4 Scalar Metasurface Loaded Printed Dipole Antenna for Resonance Frequency Tuning and Cross-pol Modulation

Abstract

This study presents a dual-layer 4×4 scalar metasurface-loaded printed dipole antenna (MLPDA) designed for wideband frequency tuning and cross-polarization modulation. The antenna employs a rotation-based control mechanism, where the 4×4 scalar metasurface and printed dipole antenna is individually rotated. The 4×4 planar array consists of scalar meta unit-cells, each measuring 0.22λ0×0.22λ0 (λ0 at 7.3 GHz), strategically placed to modulate the radiation characteristics of a printed dipole (PD) located on the bottom layer. By rotating both the metasurface (MS) and the PD from 0° to 90°, the structure achieves effective impedance variation, enabling broad resonance frequency (fr) tuning and dynamic cross-polarization (XP) control. By exploring all possible rotational combinations, a curve-fitting model is developed, along with corresponding residual distribution to numerically characterize the radiation behavior of the MLPDA model.