Performance Characterization of an Unequally Modulated Dual Beam Dual Polarized Holographic Metasurface Antenna

Abstract

This article presents the design and performance evaluation of a dual-beam, dual-polarized holographic metasurface (HMS) antenna featuring an unequally distributed amplitude control factor (ACF). Beginning with a single-beam linearly polarized (LP) HMS configuration, the study progresses to a numerically illustrated dual-beam modulation scheme incorporating unequal ACF distribution. The metasurface comprises 3600 scalar unit cells arranged in a 60 × 60 array, covering an aperture of 14.5λ0×14.5λ0 and optimized for operation at 15.5 GHz. Antenna performance with unequal ACF is compared to that of a reference dual-beam metasurface with uniform ACF, which generates a circularly polarized (CP) beam directed at (θ1,φ1)=(−25∘,0∘), and an LP beam at (θ2,φ2)=(25∘,0∘). The impact of the nonuniform amplitude distribution on gain and polarization characteristics is thoroughly analyzed through full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations.